Shui hu zhuan pdf

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It is from the capital that officials charged with eradicating Liang Mountain Marsh depart. Less direct is the space within which they and their power operate. Within the Eastern Capital their power and influence reign supreme, making it nigh unto impossible to resist or defy them. Any good fellow unfortunate enough to run crosswise with these men within their realm of influence is destined to suffer. And just as the Eastern Capital serves as a totalizing symbol for all city spaces of the Song, the corruption and wickedness of Gao and Cai extend throughout the empire in the form of relatives and friends of varying degrees of intimacy, and thus can and invariably are found in city spaces in all their various forms throughout the Song empire.

Again, good fellows living and working in these extended spaces of corruption constantly and consistently run afoul of the corrupt powers that be, and it is by this continual friction that the many plots of Shui hu are driven forward. It is significant that following the wedge, the novel proper begins with a conflict originating in the Eastern Capital with Wang Jin, who, though fortunate enough to escape legal action i.

Casting out Wang Jin by the force of abusive power, Gao Qiu delivers the opening blows, however unwittingly, in the contest between the spaces of city and jianghu. After passing the narrative torch to Shi Jin, Wang disappears and never returns.

Although Wang is not a member of jianghu, he is a good fellow and intended to earn our respect and sympathy; most importantly, he clearly cannot continue within the space of the city. The first twenty chapters establish city spaces as pits and traps filled with avarice, and lust.

In these places no good fellow can remain long before he invariably finds his life or freedom threatened. With Gao Qiu riding high in the capital no force has come to challenge him, and so it is by the expulsion of Wang and Lin Chong that the battle line is drawn.

Apparently when Gao Qiu first began to make his mark he, not having any sons or those to rely upon for help, adopted the son of his uncle Gao Sanglang into his own home as his son. In the Eastern Capital this bloke relied on [Gao Qiu's] power as a despot, loving only lewd filthiness with men's wives and daughters.

People in the capital feared his authority, so who would dare to argue with him? They called him Festooned Taisui. At that time when Lin Chong spun him around and recognized he was in fact Gao Yanei, he immediately lowered his hand. Gao Yanei said, "Lin Chong, what is it to you? You would interfere with me!

If he had known, this scene would not have happened. When he saw that Lin was not attacking he made this statement. A crowd of loafers saw the commotion and together they approached trying to make peace saying, "Head Instructor do not blame him.

Yanei did not know her and so there was much offense. The crowd of loafers urged Lin Chong to calm down; then in a hubbub exited the temple with Gao Yanei and left on their horses. His failure to kill Lin Chong while the plot could be carried off in the city provides a prime example of the boundary between the spaces of the city and jianghu.

But outside of the city, within jianghu and specifically on road, the power of the city immediately wanes and salvation is always to be had for the upright good fellow. City space by extension But for those who are unlucky enough to remain within city space there is only persecution and death.

This hazard extends to all city spaces throughout the Song Empire a fact made clear when we consider how many family members of good fellows are killed before they can be brought to live on Liang Mountain, and most importantly, how many of the chiefs of Liang Mountain are driven to their bandit strongholds by means of the cities where they dwell. City space is home to adulterating wives, greedy politicians, licentious men and petty commoners, many of which have direct ties or connection to the Eastern capital.

Shui hu utilizes the city in its formulaic plot device that brings good fellows into those spaces only to create circumstance under which they can no longer remain there. Men like Lin Chong and Wu Song who are content to serve time for the crimes they were convicted find it impossible to so. After achieving some level of normalcy in the prison towns they are dispatched to, only a short period of time passes before offenses are made to the wrong people or in the case of Wu Song, assistance given to the wrong person and attempts to take their lives force them to take actions that make them incapable of remaining under the power and influence of city spaces where corrupt judges, guards, local tyrants and the like seek their blood.

Perhaps the longest protracted insistence on relying on the authority and decision of the city is found in the case of Song Jiang. The accusation of treason is sent all the way to capital and thus Song Jiang is no longer able to hope for redress from a higher court of authority. This creation of exigent circumstances figures prominently in the recruitment of most of the Liang Mountain chiefs after Song Jiang, more of which we discuss later.

What is important to note here is the extending power of the Eastern Capital and its antagonistic force, as well as their ability to persecute upright good fellows within their walls. Gao Qiu too has extensions or projections of his iniquity outside of the capital.

His uncle's second wife answered, "In this place Gao Lian is the new magistrate. He also has charge of the armies of the prefecture. He is the paternal cousin of Defender-in-chief Gao of the Eastern Capital.

He relies on Gao Qiu's influence to do whatever he wills here. Then came his wife's brother Duan Tianxi, people all refer to him as Auxiliary Duan. Even though that bloke is quite young, he relies on the influence of Gao Lian and to do whatever he wills here as well. There were those wishing to ingratiate themselves who told him that our home had a garden in the rear with a water pavilion of fine quality.

And so that bloke brought with him many treacherous and unsavory men, numbering about between twenty and thirty. In a bout of indignation Li Kui kills Duan Tianxi when the latter returns with his toughs to take the home. Gao Qiu himself laid plots to take the lives of both Lin Chong and Yang Xiong, but these would have been individual murders, however unjust.

If the Eastern Capital is a nexus of corruption and iniquity, it appears that in the extended space of the city the lengths to which greed, corruption, and abuse of power can reach is exacerbated by the remoteness of the locale.

Gao Lian ups the ante, as it were, by escalating the conflict between jianghu space and city space to the point of large scale battles. When he too is killed, the knowledge of his death reaches Gao Qiu in the capital and the theater of war between the city and jianghu is fixed on the battlefield. The development of that conflict begins in the city with Gao Qiu, Wang Jin, Lin Chong and Yang Xiong, but as it spreads outward into the encompassing space of jianghu the stakes are set continually higher as the good fellows increase in number and in power, and there is an intensifying of the response from the corrupt powers of the cities.

We come now to the space between and around cities, which both physically and figuratively is jianghu. It is to jianghu that the persecuted of city space must flee. It is upon the roads between cities where good fellows are convicted of crimes and the prison cities they are exiled that safety and rescue are to be found.

It is within the network of jianghu that an upright man in trouble can seek out those who appreciate and relish outstanding character and stalwart uprightness, and who provide protection and sanctuary for men of such mettle. This space is clearly contrasted with the organized spaces of Song society where one would expect to find safety and security, yet for the good fellows of Shui hu, the world of jianghu proves more reliable and secure.

The introduction of jianghu begins with the exemplary cases of Shi Jin and Lu Zhishen. By the force of his might and the virtue of his uprightness in dealing with the defeated bandits Shi exhibits cardinal virtues of jianghu.

A man should be strong and upright, dealing fairly and justly. Having met Lin within the capital and valuing him for his courage and uprightness, Lu takes it upon himself to assure that Lin reaches Cangzhou safely. Both Shi Jin and Lu Zhishen provide safety and rescue for good fellows in peril or need on the road. These are the first of a long string of episodic repetitions wherein good fellows are delivered from harm while on the roads of jianghu.

Increased distance from city spaces brings with it opportunities for fortuitous encounters with other good fellows. Song Jiang meets many of his jianghu brothers in the same fashion.

From just these three encounters nine good fellows eventually join the ranks of Liang Mountain. Consider the following from the fortieth chapter where Song Jiang again finds himself threatened on the road: Then they saw three to four hundred bandits dart out from behind the hill. At the front were clustered four good fellows, each brandishing weapons in hand.

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